The Basic Characteristics of an Effective Management Essay Example for Free

The Basic Characteristics of an Effective Management Essay I.Management-oriented: The basic objective of MIS is to provide information support tothe management in the organization for decision making. So an effective MIS should startits journey from appraisal of management needs, mission and goal of the businessorganization. It may be individual or collective goals of an organization. The MIS is suchthat it serves all the levels of management in an organization i.e. top, middle and lower level. II.Management directed: When MIS is management-oriented, it should be directed by themanagement because it is the management who tells their needs and requirements moreeffectively than anybody else. Manager should guide the MIS professionals not only at the stage of planning but also ondevelopment, review and implementation stages so that effective system should be theend product of the whole exercise in making an effective MIS. III.Integrated: It means a comprehensive or complete view of all the sub systems in theorganization of a company. Development of information must be integrated so that all theoperational and functional information sub systems should be worked together as a singleentity. This integration is necessary because it leads to retrieval of more meaningful anduseful information. IV.Common data flows: The integration of different sub systems will lead to a commondata flow which will further help in avoiding duplicacy and redundancy in datacollection, storage and processing. For example, the customer orders are the basis for many activities in an organization viz. billing, sales for cashing, etc. Data is collected bya system analyst from its original source only one time. Then he utilizes the data withminimum number of processing procedures and uses the information for productionoutput documents and reports in small numbers and eliminates the undesirable data. Thiswill lead to elimination of duplication that simplify the operations and produce anefficient information system. V.Heavy planning-element: The preparation of MIS is not a one or two day exercise. Itusually takes 3 to 5 years and sometimes a much longer period. So the system expert hasto keep 2 things in mind – one is that he has to keep future objectives as well as the firm’sinformation well in advance and also he has to keep in mind that his MIS will not beobsolete before it gets into action. VI.Sub System concept: When a problem is seen in 2 sub parts, then the better solution tothe problem is possible. Although MIS is viewed as a single entity but for its effectiveuse, it should be broken down in small parts or subsystems so that more attention andinsight is paid to each sub system. Priorities will be set and phase of implementation will be made easy. While making or breaking down the whole MIS into subsystems, it should be kept in mind that the subsystems should be easily manageable. VII.Common database: This is the basic feature of MIS to achieve the objective of usingMIS in business organizations. It avoids duplication of files and storage which leads toreduction in costs. Common database means a â€Å"Super file or Master file† whichconsolidates and integrates data records formerly stored in many separate data files. Theorganization of the database allows it to be accessed by each subsystem and thus,eliminates the necessity of duplication in data storage, updating, deletion and protection. VIII.Computerized: MIS can be used without a computer. But the use of computersincreases the effectiveness and the efficiency of the system. The queries can be handledmore quickly and efficiently with the computerized MIS. The other benefits are accuracy,storage capacity and timely information. IX.User friendly/Flexibility: An MIS should be flexible i.e. there should be room for further modification because the MIS takes much time in preparation and our environment is dynamic in nature.MIS should be such that it should be usedindependently by the end user so that they do not depend on the experts. X.Information as a resource: Information is the major ingredient of any MIS. So, an MISshould be treated as a resource and managed properly

Why Couples Break Up Essay -- essays research papers

In our complex society there are marriages and relationships that succeed and comparably many that do not. Unfortunately, many small conflicts within people do not resolve easily and lead up to divorces and/or break ups. It is unfair to say that particular sex is responsible for all the causes the difficulties in relationships. Therefore, both sides should be analyzed closely to find the flaws within the relationships. Most men think that their girlfriends or wives are the main problem makers, and strongly oppose the fact that they are the problem too. Similarly, women find their own reasons to blame their men for the failures of their relationships. However, everything comes to a point where each person should take a look at their own flaws and also consider the problems in their own sex, that unfortunately cause their marriage to dissolve in the big pot of misunderstanding and confusion. From women's point of view we can see that men are not the perfect human beings, which they thi nk they are. Women come up with countless causes that build up tension between couples. Important of all, men are blamed for every single thing. Major causes that raise difficulties and rifts within relationships are men's irresponsible spending, their habit for gawking at other girls, and that they usually forget special occasions. First of all, a main cause that is commonly identified by many females is that men go for other girls and gawk at them even in their presence. Many conflicts in rela...

VOCATIONAL TRAINING IS A REMEDY FOR EMPLOYMENT SCARCITY

As the people of Sri Lanka soon we are go throughing the period with winning feeling and savoring the sugariness of autonomy and harmoniousness because of the peace. As a state every bit good as a state, all human being of this beautiful island suffered from difficult clip period. It is non merely war with the LTTE, but besides with some other Rebels get downing from 1971. All the people of state tasted the resentment of war for few decennaries. If person tries to unfasten and analyze the ground behind that, why state faced such an unfortunate clip period. There may be 1000s of grounds. Some of are really outstanding. But one chief ground is shadowing all of these outstanding header. That, they could non able to recognize their outlooks. Why they could non recognize their outlooks? The simplest reply is â€Å" Money † . Why I try to indicate it out. Each and every 1 has an aspiration when they start their life. It is comfy life. At present planetary scenario the make up one's minding factor is money. Money decides degrees of people, aspirations which can be made realistic. When the group of people missed their outlooks and aspirations those group is isolated from the community. Because they do n't hold any order over the community. They do non hold individuality. Then they try to re-establish their image by hook or criminal. The war shapers used their unrest to carry through their organisational ends. What is the most threaten and apt to expose to this class. School drop-outs are the chief group. Because they are equipped with the writhing immature bloods. 2. As a state we should halt it today non even tomorrow. If we unable to make it once more our state will lose 1000s of lives 1000000s of rupees and uncountable worth of freedom? What is the reply we can do as a authorities and authorising power. The authorities should clearly place the group of people which is exposing the unrestrained state of affairs. They should steer to the manner what they can recognize their aspirations. 3. The vocational preparation is the effectual and sustainable reply for it. Country should hold strategic degree program to heighten the vocational preparation. Still state is non enriched with the wealth of skill labour force. Not merely Sri Lanka but all over the universe accomplishment labor has good market value. As a state if we are able to turn to that, authorities will be able earn batch of foreign grosss other than directing as unskilled labors.Statement OF PROBLUM4. The statement of job can split to two major parts: a. Sociable Due to the big figure of school bead outs may do serious societal job. They are express high tendencies to fall in with underworld packs and other sort of armed pack such as Rebels and robbers and certain sick legal activities. B. Economic The immature age is equipped with more bravery and morale. As a state if non utilised younger coevals in right manner, it will lose most energetic valuable labor force. As a developing state it is really hard to bear up big sum of dependents.Chapter 2Aim1. General Objective. Analyze the best class of action and do suggestion to better career preparation sector. 2. Specific Objective. The specific aims of the paper are as follows. a. present status of vocational preparation and what are the countries have to better? b. why school dropouts are specially targeted? c. what is employment scarceness and vocational preparation.Hypothesis3. Bettering the vocational preparation in Sri Lanka will promote school drop-out to anticipate assorted occupation chances.DATA COLLECTION METHODS4. The information aggregation has planned through the ministry of young person intimacies and accomplishments development and The Vocational Training Authority of Sri Lanka and based on the documental beginnings including publications, shoping the Internet and non authorities organisation.Restriction5. The clip available to carry on this research will be merely less than 2 1/2 months. The length of the paper will be limited to about 5000 words, and it will non be possible to roll up informations from all the dependable beginnings.Chapter 3Methodology1. This survey will be based on documental beginnings such as authorities organisation, publications, Newspapers and Internet. It is intended to garner primary and secondary informations information as follows Primary Source The information aggregation will based on authorities organisations. Secondary Source The information aggregation will be based on publications, Newspaper articles and shoping the Internet.Chapter 4WHAT IS EMPLOYMENT SCARCITY AND VOCATIONAL Training1. Employment scarceness is defined as inaccessibility of employment chances. It is calculated as rate of unemployment. What are the grounds for the occupation scarceness? If it examine in closer position figure of grounds are behind it. But it can place few of outstanding grounds. The first 1 is economical ground. As a underdeveloped state, authorities can non offer occupation chance for each and every life been at the state. Even it can non offer for the developed state. Another factor is cultural and societal attitude of the people. The society is acknowledge some occupations are belongs to take down degree and some are higher degree. As an illustration most of people do non wish work as a husbandmans. Everybody attempt to acquire higher place. The people do non like to fall in as labors because they bel ieve it is non suited to their household degrees. Some of occupations are labelled to the relevant dramatis personaes. It is traveling to household to household. New coevals does non wish to go on it as it is. Some of occupations are labelled with the names such as â€Å" Malu Karaya † so people refuse to make occupation like that. Some of educated people such as alumnuss are looking occupation chance from the authorities. They do n't wish to fall in to private sector. To get the better of those state of affairss are non an easy. Because it is practised from the coevalss ago. But as a authorities it has to happen redresss for this. Otherwise society will lose the sustainability. The conceptual thought can non alter overnight. It will take more and more clip. But authorities can busy people to another chance. Through the vocational preparation it can assist to keep societal sustainability. The definition of vocational preparation is[ 1 ]â€Å" Train group or persons for the s pecific calling or trade, excepting professions. Vocational preparation may concentrate on practical applications of accomplishments and non much related with the academic accomplishments † . The job which is arise in Sri Lanka whether vocational preparation plans meet the needed criterion and is it included ethical and philosophical preparation which helps to keep societal sustainability. When Sri Lanka considered, the unemployment rate as last one-fourth[ 2 ]of twelvemonth 2010 is 4.9 % it is excluded North and East state. Even excluded both states 353163 people are remain as unemployed strength[ 3 ]. The statistic section presume including North and East state it will easy go through the 600,000. Government of Sri Lanka have to hold a strategic degree program to take a part of younger coevals to the economic system. The vocational preparation is the best watercourse for it. Because still Sri Lanka has colonial educational system. When the British regulating the state they i ntroduced educational system to provide their demands and it was limited to authorities service. Even after 1948 none of authorities attempts to alter the educational system. But clip to clip some amendments were made. But none of were address the root cause. After debut of free instruction system rate of school attendant was increased quickly. More and more people send their kids to school. But at that clip the merchandise was sufficient to the island demands and it fulfilled the demand of authorities service. The major job was raised after presenting of free trade system to Sri Lanka. Most of affluent people started their ain concern and companies. But still job is bing none of them were address the job. The predominating instruction system is filter pupils at the two major phases. It is Ordinary degree and Advance degree. Though authorities spend 1000000s of money due to miss of productiveness of predominating educational system the ultimate merchandise is really less. Merely few pupils are acquiring chance to come in the University for higher instruction. If less figure of pupils get the opportunity for higher surveies what would go on for the remainder sum. That is the root cause authorities should turn to. As sustainable remedy authorities can present vocational preparation. It should distribute to broader country. It should concentrate every sort of school dropouts. As an illustration it should get down from Non-schooling phase to pupils who are completed beforehand degree without choosing to the university. If authorities success on this facet. As a authorities it can use its labour force 100 % . It will convey benefits for the whole community from assorted facets, particularly socially and economic. In economic aspect authorities have less figure of dependants and more skilled labor force. In societal facet less sum of debatable state of affairss such as robberies.Chapter 5WHY SCHOOL DROP-OUT SPECIALLY TARGETED?1. During this chapter will discourse the group aimed for the vocational preparation are. a. Primary-Early dropouts B. Secondary – Mid bead outs c. Tertiary-Late dropouts 2. Two major factors are playing the buttocks why they are targeted. First one is energetic value of they have. Other one is their rebellion thought form. Who are the school dropouts? There are common error that all over the community make when they describe the â€Å" school dropouts † . School dropouts are non merely people who are non completed their primary instruction. Non-school civil deaths, secondary instruction completed pupils and third instruction completed pupils besides count as a school dropouts. The make up one's minding factor is clip period when are they go forthing the instruction. 3. As a underdeveloped state Sri Lanka has a good record about literacy. The school registration of Sri Lanka is higher much as 97.5 per centum. It is in numerically more than 400.000 per twelvemonth. Even though state has that much higher figure of school registration, yearly 18 % pupils are raising school before finishing the ordinary degree instruction. It is in numerically around 72.000. Another side of this is more than 70 % of captives who are at the prisons are belongs to this group of school dropouts. In the twelvemonth 2009, 272,640 pupils were sat for the GCE O/L scrutiny. Out of that merely 143,000 got making for their higher instruction. However 129,640 campaigners, as a per centum 47 % campaigners were fail to measure up for the A/L. 3. Why this group is indispensable? First this is the group, most efficient and energetic labor force of the state. As briefly mentioned in debut portion, younger age is holding a natural tendency to happen new spheres. Naturally younger ‘s are really funny and rebellion minds. Always they think they must hold a respectable topographic point at the community. Child labor is another face of the school bead outs at the society. The kid labors can split for the few bomber types. Those are: a. Child domestic labor. B. Children working in risky industries. c. Children working in export industries. d. Child trafficking. e. Child bonded labour in agribusiness and certain parts of the industrial and informal sectors. f. Child harlotry. 4. United nations children's fund and the ILO was carried out a research on Sri Lanka with the aid of Department of Census & A ; Statisticss and found a really sad narrative about kid labors who were left the school before finishing their instruction. They revealed 0.926Million kids are working as a kid labor and they are between ages of 05 to 14. They found about 40,000 child cocottes in the state while 5,000 to 30,000 Sri Lankan male childs are used by Western paedophile sex tourers. About 10,000 to 12,000 kids from rural countries are trafficked and prostituted by organized offense groups, harmonizing to the statistics. These are merely reported and calculated informations and existent state of affairs may be worst than this. Training is non merely larning something. It is a sort of speculation. Through the preparation people can derive adulthood other than larning.Chapter 6Present CONDITION OF VOCATIONAL Training AND WHAT ARE THE AREAS HAVE TO IMPROVE?1. When examine the present state of affairs of vocational preparation in Sri Lanka two major parties are playing at the vocational preparation sector. The two major parties are a. Government engagement[ 4 ]. b. Non- governmental organisations. 2. Since old ages back batch of stairss has been taken to up raise the criterion of vocational preparation by the authorities every bit good as non-government sector. But major function is playing by the authorities. Followings are the institutes established by the authorities to get by up the assign undertaking. The authorities can non drive away occupation scarceness by turn toing along the occupation market at Sri Lanka. It has to anticipate the foreign market besides. With the globalisation the word is really nearer to each other. Lot of states has formulated some processs and force some criterions for the making. In Sri Lanka besides some criterions has been gazetted by the authorities. It is known as National Vocational Qualifications of Sri Lanka ( NVQSL ) . By implementing NVQSL the regulating authorization is anticipating decide the mismatch between labour market and classs carry oning at vocational preparation Centres. Further they expect easy control for the authorities an d it is differentiate from the classs. Vocational preparation has divided to 7 degrees of making. The degree starts from degree 01 to level 07. Degree 01 to level 03 awarded by a national degree certification. Level 04 and 05 awarded by a full national workmanship. Level 06 and 07 is national sheepskin and it is recognize as a direction degree. The highs degree is flat 07 it is equal to bachelor grade. 3. The Ministry of Vocational and Technical Training ( MVTT ) . This is the national government organic structure for the vocational preparation within the island. MVTT is the responsible authorization for development and execution of national policies which are related to the accomplishment development, proficient and vocational instruction and preparation ( TVET ) all over the state. The chief aims of the MVTT are to ease for the vocational preparation Centres to merchandise high quality and market oriented vocational and proficient instruction and skill development preparation. MVTT is the regulative organic structure for all facets of execution of Technical and Vocational Education and Training ( TVET ) in Sri Lanka. MVTT has outlined the cardinal policies and operational characteristics of the National Vocational Qualifications Systems in Sri Lanka ( NVQSL ) . The NVQSL provides the chance for sustainable, strategic solutions for national preparation demands and it will easy be able to accomplish international acknowledgment for makings, accomplishments and cognition of Sri Lankan workers in an increasing competitory planetary environment. To carry through this several bureaus are working under MVTT. To carry through their aims, 06 separate vocational preparation Centres are working island broad. Those are The Tertiary and Vocational Education Commission ( TVEC ) , The National Apprentice and Industrial Training Authority ( NAITA ) , The National Institute of Technical Education – Sri Lanka ( NITE_SL ) it is soon alteration to University of Technology ( UNIVOTEC ) , The Department of Technical Education and Training ( DETE ) The Vocational Training Authority ( VTA ) and The National Youth Service Council ( NYSC ) . a. The Tertiary and Vocational Education Commission ( TVEC ) . The TVES was established on 1991. When it was established, it was dedicated to the undermentioned undertakings. The primary duty was preparation of policies, planning, and quality confidence of registered vocational preparation Centres. Further it is responsible for coordination and development of third and vocational instruction Centres all over the state. The Tertiary and Vocational instruction Commission is the authorised organic structure of behavior appraisals and enrollment of vocational preparation Centres. Further every type of classs has to accreditation and certified by the TVEC. It is supervising quality of classs and criterions of registered and commissioned vocational preparation Centres. B. The National Apprentice and Industrial Training Authority ( NAITA ) . The NAITA is responsible for apprenticeship preparation island broad. Further it is responsible for followings activities to implement of NVQSL 1 ) National Competency Standards 2 ) Competence Based Assessment Resources 3 ) Validation of Curriculum 4 ) Execution of Competency Based Training ( CBT ) 5 ) Conducting competence based appraisals ( including RPL ) 6 ) Industry arrangement of trainees c. The National Institute for Technical Education – Sri Lanka ( NITE-SL ) This institute was converted to the University of Technology ( UNIVOTEC ) in March 1999 by the authorities of Sri Lanka. This institute is easing flat 07 degree plans and developing teachers who are learning at vocational preparation Centres. farther it is responsible for the undermentioned activities in order to execution of NVQSL. 1 ) Development of CBT Curricula 2 ) Staff Development 3 ) Development of Learning Resources 4 ) Implementing and Coordinating Learning Resource Development Centre ( LRDC ) d. The Department Of Technical Education and Training ( DTET ) . This is one of outstanding proficient instruction and preparation Centre in Sri Lanka. This is responsible to pull off 09 proficient instruction Centres which are offer NVQ degree 5 and 06 sheepskin. Further it is responsible for the undermentioned activities in order to execution of NVQSL. 1 ) Execution of Competency Based Training ( CBT ) 2 ) Conducting Competency Based Assessment 3 ) Execution of calling counsel and guidance activities 4 ) Execution of Self Employment Promotion Enterprises 5 ) Execution of entrepreneurship plans e. The Vocational Training Authority ( VTA ) . This is responsible to pull off vocational preparation institutes which are offer flat NVQ degree 01 to 05. To implement that, VTA is command following developing institutes. National Vocational Training Institutes, District Vocational Training Centres, Special Vocational Training Centres, and Rural Vocational Training Centres. Further it is responsible for the undermentioned activities in order to execution of NVQSL. 1 ) Execution of Competency Based Training ( CBT ) 2 ) Conducting Competency Based Assessment 3 ) Execution of calling counsel and guidance activities 4 ) Execution of Self Employment Promotion Enterprises 5 ) Execution of entrepreneurship plans f. The National Youth Service Council ( NYSC ) . This is founded to form and develop of young person and it is responsible for the undermentioned activities in order to execution of NVQSL. 1 ) Execution of Competency Based Training ( CBT ) 2 ) Conducting Competency Based AssessmentA 3 ) Execution on of calling counsel and guidance activitiesA 4 ) Execution of Self Employment Promotion InitiativesA A 5 ) Execution of entrepreneurship plans.Chapter 7 DATA ANALYZING 1. Key issues and other issues As per the primary beginnings of informations, it is revealed the status of people who already working. Some of those are Chapter 8 FINDINGS, RECOMMENDATIONS Chapter 9 Decision

Definition and Examples of Conjuncts in English Grammar

In English grammar, a conjunct, from the Latin, join together, is a word, phrase, or clause linked to another word, phrase, or clause through coordination. For instance, two clauses connected by and (The clown laughed and the child cried) are conjuncts. It may also called a conjoin. The term conjunct can also refer to an adverbial(such as therefore, however, namely) that indicates the relationship in meaning between two independent clauses. The more traditional term for this kind of adverbial is conjunctive adverb. Examples (Definition #1) George and Martha dined alone at Mount Vernon.The back of my head and the head of the bat collided.The dogs barked furiously, and the cat scampered up the tree. Take, for instance, the following sentences from The Revolutionist, [one] of [Ernest] Hemingways short stories [from In Our Time]: He was very shy and quite young and the train men passed him on from one crew to another. He had no money, and they fed him behind the counter in railway eating houses.​​ (Jonathan Cape edn, p. 302) Even in the second sentence, the two clauses which form the conjunct are linked by and, and not, as one might expect in such a discourse context, by so or but. The suppression of complex connectivity in this way seems to have baffled some critics, with comments on the famous Hemingway and ranging from the vague to the nonsensical. (Paul Simpson, Language, Ideology and Point of View. Routledge, 1993) Coordinate Structure Constraint Although a wide variety of structures can be conjoined, not all coordinations are acceptable. One of the first generalizations regarding coordination is Rosss Coordinate Structure Constraint (1967). This constraint states that coordination does not allow for asymmetrical constructions. For example, the sentence This is the man whom Kim likes and Sandy hates Pat is unacceptable, because only the first conjunct is relativized. The sentence This is the man whom Kim likes and Sandy hates is acceptable, because both conjuncts are relativized. . . . Linguists are further concerned with which material is allowed as a conjunct in a coordinate construction. The second example showed conjoined sentences, but coordination is also possible for noun phrases as in the apples and the pears, verb phrases like run fast or jump high and adjectival phrases such as rich and very famous, etc. Both sentences and phrases intuitively form meaningful units within a sentence, called constituents. Subject and verb do not form a constituent in some frameworks of generative grammar. However, they can occur together as a conjunct in the sentence Kim bought, and Sandy sold, three paintings yesterday. (Petra Hendriks, Coordination. Encyclopedia of Linguistics, ed. by Philipp Strazny. Fitzroy Dearborn, 2005) Collective and Average Property Interpretations Consider sentences such as these: The American family used less water this year than last year. The small businessperson in Edmonton paid nearly $30 million in taxes but only made $43,000 in profits last year. The former sentence is ambiguous between the collective and average property interpretations. It could be true that the average American family used less water this year than last while the collective American family used more (due to more families); conversely, it could be true that the average family used more but the collective family used less. As to the latter sentence, which is admittedly somewhat strange (but might be used to further the political interests of Edmonton businesspeople), our world [knowledge] tells us that the first conjunct of the VP must be interpreted as a collective property, since certainly the average businessperson, even in wealthy Edmonton, does not pay $30 million in taxes; but our world knowledge also tells us that the second of the VP conjunctions is to be given an average property interpretation. (Manfred Krifka et al., Genericity: An Introduction. The Generic Book, ed. by Gregory N. Carlson and Francis Jeffry Pelletier. The University of Chicago Pre ss, 1995) Interpreting Naturally and Accidentally Coordinated Noun Phrases [Bernhard] WÃ ¤lchli ([Co-compounds and Natural Coordination] 2005) discussed two types of coordination: natural and accidental. Natural coordination refers to cases where two conjuncts are semantically closely related (e.g. mum and dad, boys and girls) and are expected to co-occur. On the other hand, accidental coordination refers to cases where the two conjuncts are distant from each other (e.g. boys and chairs, apples and three babies) and are not expected to co-occur. If the two NPs form natural coordination, they tend to be interpreted as a whole. But, if they are accidentally put together, they are interpreted independently. (Jieun Kiaer, Pragmatic Syntax. Bloomsbury, 2014) Declaratives Interrogatives Interestingly, an interrogative main clause can be co-ordinated with a declarative main clause, as we see from sentences like (50) below: (50) [I am feeling thirsty], but [ should I save my last Coke till later]? In (50) we have two (bracketed) main clauses joined together by the co-ordinating conjunction but. The second (italicised) conjunct should I save my last Coke till later? is an interrogative CP [complementiser phrase] containing an inverted auxiliary in the head C position of CP. Given the traditional assumption that only constituents which belong to the same category can be co-ordinated, it follows that the first conjunct I am feeling thirsty must also be a CP; and since it contains no overt complementiser, it must be headed by a null complementiser . . .. (Andrew Radford, An Introduction to English Sentence Structure. Cambridge University Press, 2009) Related Grammar Definitions Compound SentenceConjunction and Coordinating ConjunctionCorrelative Conjunctions